Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has become a standard technique in the electrochemists’ toolbox providing detailed information over very wide time scales and amplitudes. Commercial instruments are available that can measure impedances from m? to T? and over frequencies from μHz to MHz. Most commonly, EIS is measured using a “single-sine” method where individual frequencies are measured sequentially. One disadvantage of single-sine EIS is the time it takes to acquire a full spectrum. A complete sine wave cycle takes ~17 min at 1 mHz and ~27 hrs for 10 μHz. This disadvantage can be overcome by measuring multiple frequencies at the same time (akin to Fourier transform spectroscopy techniques). This application note discusses the use of multiple sine wave excitation in EIS and its implementation in Gamry Instrument software. It does not cover the basics of EIS which are described in the application note ”Basics of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy” (http://www.gamry。。com/App_Notes/Index.htm). |